A REVIEW ON RECENT METHODS TO CONTROL EARLY BLIGHT OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,
Page 136-148
Abstract
The present review paper is focused on bringing forth the different methods used in controlling early blight disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). It is a well-known fact that tomato is a main fruit consumed as a vegetable globally which provides important minerals, vitamins, fibres and antioxidants. However, tomato is susceptible to an array of diseases, of which early blight is the most destructive instigated by Alternaria solani, affects fruits and foliage resulting in a loss of 80% yields. Therefore, it becomes imperative to discuss the various strategies applied in controlling early blight of tomato. A number of researchers have used diverse methods to regulate early blight disease of tomato ranging from use of fungicides, plant extracts to several biological organisms. Nevertheless, it is equally important to develop and apply the most efficient management systems and good agricultural practices to rescue the plant of interest.
Keywords:
- Alternaria solani
- biocontrol
- fungicides
- plant extracts
- Solanum lycopersicum
How to Cite
SHAMURAILATPAM, D., & KUMAR, A. (2020). A REVIEW ON RECENT METHODS TO CONTROL EARLY BLIGHT OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 21(37-38), 136-148. Retrieved from https://www.ikppress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5425
References
Ahmad F, Raziq F, Ullah N, Khan H, Din N. In vitro and in vivo bio-assay of phytobiocidal effect of plant extracts on Alternaria solani causing agent of early blight disease in tomato. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2017; 50(11-12):568-83.
Chanthini, KMP, Senthil-Nathan S, Soranam R, Thanigaivel A, Karthi S, Sreenath Kumar C, Kingsley SJ and Kanagaraj Murali-Baskaran R. Bacterial compounds, as biocontrol agent against early blight (Alternaria solani) and tobacco cut worm (Spodoptera litura Fab.) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2018;51(13-14):729-753.
Bhagat S, Zacharia S. Effect of plant extracts on early blight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018; 7(5):1804-6.
Bais RK, Ratan V, Kumar S, Tiwari A. Comparative analysis of various strategies for management of early blight of tomato incited by Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and Grout.
Awan ZA, Shoaib A. Combating early blight infection by employing Bacillus subtilis in combination with plant fertilizers. Current Plant Biology. 2019; 20:100125.
Bhanage S, Patil NB, Singh S. Effect of selected botanicals against early blight (Alternaria solani) disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Plant Archives. 2019;19(2):2839-42.
Devi NO, Singh NI, Devi RT, Chanu WT. In vitro evaluation of Alternaria solani (Ellis and Mart.) Jones and Grout causing fruit rot of tomato by plant extracts and bio-control agents. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2017;6(11):652-61.
Verma A, Kumar S, Shina HA, Jaiswal S. Evaluate the efficacy of bio-control agents and botanicals against early blight of potato caused by Alternaria solani. Pharma Innov J. 2018;7(3):28-30.
Rex B, Prabhu S, Kumar JS. Antifungal efficacies of plant extracts against Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) jones and groutunder in vitrocondition. Annals of Phytomedicine. 2019;8(1):1-5.
Roy CK, Akter N, Sarkar MK, Pk MU, Begum N, Zenat EA, Jahan MA. Control of Early Blight of Tomato Caused by and Screening of Tomato Varieties against the Pathogen. The Open Microbiology Journal. 2019;13(1).
Tomazoni EZ, Pansera MR, Pauletti GF, Moura S, Ribeiro RT, Schwambach J. In vitro antifungal activity of four chemotypes of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) essential oils against Alternaria solani (Pleosporeaceae) isolates. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 2016;88(2):999-1010.
S, Perveen R, Anees M, Azeem M, Abid M. Estimation of secondary metabolites of indigenous medicinal plant extracts and their in vitro and in vivo efficacy against tomato early blight disease in Pakistan. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 2019;126(6):553-63.
Shoaib A, Awan ZA, Khan KA. Intervention of antagonistic bacteria as a potential inducer of disease resistance in tomato to mitigate early blight. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019;252:20-8.
Sarfraz M, Khan SA, Moosa A, Farzand A, Ishaq U, Naeem I, Khan WA. Promising antifungal potential of selective botanical extracts, fungicides and trichoderma isolates against Alternaria solani. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 2018;51(1):65-74.
Farooq S, Jat RR, Gupta A, Singh R, Majeed M, Nabi SU, Bashir N, Shah OS. Evaluation of different fungicides against Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Sorauer cause of early blight of tomato under laboratory conditions.
Ghazanfar MU, Raza W, Ahmed KS, Qamar J, Haider N, Rasheed MH. Evaluation of different fungicides against Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Sorauer cause of early blight of tomato under laboratory conditions. Evaluation. 2016; 1(5).
Mahantesh SB, Karegowda C, Kavitha SV, Kavita TH, Punith ND. In vitro evaluation of fungicides, bio agents and natural plant extracts against early blight caused by A. solani. IJCS. 2017;5(5):1346-50.
Rani S, Singh R, Gupta S. Development of integrated disease management module for early blight of tomato in Jammu. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2017; 6(2):268-73.
Sharma RK, Patel DR, Chaudhari DR, Kumar V, Patel MM. Effect of Some Fungicides against Early Blight of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Caused by Alternaria solani (Ell. & Mart.) Jones and Grout and Their Impact on Yield. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 2018;7(07): 1395-401.
Egel DS, Hoagland L, Davis J, Marchino C, Bloomquist M. Efficacy of organic disease control products on common foliar diseases of tomato in field and greenhouse trials. Crop Protection. 2019;122:90-7.
Rajeshkumar S. Antifungal impact of nanoparticles against different plant pathogenic fungi. In Nanomaterials in Plants, Algae and Microorganisms. Academic Press. 2019;197-217.
Joseph A, Igbinosa OB, Alori ET, Ademiluyi BO, Aluko AP. Effectiveness of Pseudomonas species in the management of tomato early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2017;11(23):972-6.
Pandey RK. Studies on management of early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani on tomato crops through fungicides, crude plant extracts and bio control agents. Journal of Natural Resource and Development. 2014;9(2):1-2.
Roopa RS, Yadahalli KB, Kavyashree MC. Evaluation of natural plant extracts, antagonists and fungicides against early blight caused by A. solani in vitro. The Bioscan. 2014;9(3):1309-12.
Saxena A, Sarma BK, Singh HB. Effect of azoxystrobin based fungicides in management of chilli and tomato diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2016;86(2):283-9.
Walke AG, Potdukhe SR, Meena S, Meena AK, Kakralya GL, Choudhary CS. Efficacy of fungicides in vitro and in vivo of early blight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) caused by Alternaria solani. The Journal of Plant Science Research. 2014;30(2):123.
Zghair QN, Lal AA, Mane MM, Sobita S. Effect of bioagents and fungicide against earlyblight disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). International Journal of Plant Protection. 2014;7(2):330-3.
Desta M, Woldia PO, Yesuf M. A true endophyte of the endangered tree, Cynometra travancorica in the efficacy and economics of fungicides and their application schedule for early blight (Alternaria solani) management and yield of tomato at south Tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology; 2015.
Sadana D, Didwania N. Bioefficacy of fungicides and plant extracts against Alternaria solani causing early blight of tomato. InInternational Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences 2015;2:38-42.
Abu-El Samen F, Goussous SJ, Al-Shudifat A, Makhadmeh I. Reduced sensitivity of tomato early blight pathogen (Alternaria solani) isolates to protectant fungicides, and implication on disease control. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2016; 49(5-6):120-36.
Abdalla SA, Algam SA, Ibrahim EA, Naim AM. In vitro screening of Bacillus isolates for biological control of early blight disease of tomato in shambat soil. World J. Agric. Res. 2014;2(2):47-50.
Yadav R. Eco-friendly management of early blight of potato caused by Alternaria solani. Res. Environ. Life Sci. 2014;7(2): 81-84.
Koley S, Mahapatra SS, Kole PC. In vitro efficacy of bio-control agents and botanicals on the growth inhibition of Alternaria solani causing early leaf blight of tomato. Int. J. Bio-res. Env. Agril. Sci.; 2015.
Lahkar J, Borah SN, Deka S, Ahmed G. Biosurfactant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa JS29 against Alternaria solani: the causal organism of early blight of tomato. BioControl. 2015;60(3):401-11.
Maurya U, Lal EP, Yadav OP, Prakash A, Singh AK. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their activity against early blight of tomato. Indian Journal of Life Sciences. 2015;5(1):57.
Selim ME. Effectiveness of Trichoderma biotic applications in regulating the related defense genes affecting tomato early blight disease. J Plant Pathol Microb. 2015; 6(311):2.
Dhal A, Beura SK, Dash SK, Tripathy L, Swain SK, Sethi D. Eco-friendly and integrated approaches for management of early blight disease in tomato. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2017;6(10):3052-7.
Joseph A, Igbinosa OB, Alori ET, Ademiluyi BO, Aluko AP. Effectiveness of Pseudomonas species in the management of tomato early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2017;11(23):972-6.
Chanthini KM, Senthil-Nathan S, Soranam R, Thanigaivel A, Karthi S, Sreenath Kumar C, Kingsley SJ, Kanagaraj Murali-Baskaran R. Bacterial compounds, as biocontrol agent against early blight (Alternaria solani) and tobacco cut worm (Spodoptera litura Fab.) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2018;51(13-14):729-53.
Youssef SA, Tartoura KA, Greash AG. Serratia proteamaculans mediated alteration of tomato defense system and growth parameters in response to early blight pathogen Alternaria solani infection. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 2018;103:16-22.
Hao L, Zheng X, Wang Y, Li S, Shang C, Xu Y. Inhibition of tomato early blight disease by culture extracts of a Streptomyces puniceus isolate from mangrove soil. Phytopathology. 2019; 109(7):1149-56.
Hernández-Herrera RM, Virgen-Calleros G, Ruiz-López M, Zañudo-Hernández J, Délano-Frier JP, Sánchez-Hernández C. Extracts from green and brown seaweeds protect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani. Journal of Applied Phycology. 2014;26(3):1607-14.
Raza W, Ghazanfar MU, Iftikhar Y, Ahmed KS, Haider N, Rasheed MH. Management of early blight of tomato through the use of plant extracts. Management. 2016;1(5).
Attia MS, Sharaf AE, Zayed AS. Protective action of some bio-pesticides against early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani in tomato plant. JISET International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering and Tech. 2017;4:67-94.
Kumar TR and Barnwal M. Evaluation of new fungicides for management of early blight of tomato. The Bioscan, 2016;11(4): 2751-2756.
Abreu CL, Feres CI, Furtado EL, Ming LC, Marques MO, Acáciod RS, Riffel A, Goulart HF, Santana AE, Bernardes FS, Câmara FL. Efficient control of conidium germination, mycelial growth and early blight in tomato in vitro with essential oils under farm conditions. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2016;11(43):4401-12.
Hong JK, Jo YS, Ryoo DH, Jung JH, Kwon HJ, Lee YH, Chang SW, Park CJ. Alternaria spots in tomato leaves differently delayed by four plant essential oil vapours. Research in Plant Disease. 2018;24(4):293.
Rahmatzai N, Zaitoun AA, Madkour MH, Ahmady A, Hazim Z, Mousa MA. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of botanical oils against Alternaria solani causing early blight of tomato. International Journal of Biosciences. 2017;10(1):91-9.
Dheeba B, Niranjana R, Sampathkumar P, Kannan K, Kannan M. Efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) and tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extracts against early blight of tomato. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2015;85(1):327-36.
Sahu DK, Khare CP, Patel R. Eco friendly management of early blight of tomato using botanical plant extracts. Journal of Industrial Pollution Control. 2014;30(2): 215-8.
Yeole GJ, Teli NP, Kotkar HM, Mendki PS. Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts and their formulations control early blight of tomato. Journal of Biopesticides. 2014; 7(2):110.
Zafar H, Shaukat SS, Sheikh AH. Detection of antifungal activity of various plant extracts against Alternaria solani, the cause of early blight of tomato. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology (Pakistan); 2014.
Nidiry ES, Ganeshan G, Lokesha AN. Antifungal activity of the extractives of Coleus forskohlii roots and Forskolin. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2015; 49(9):624-6.
Pane C, Zaccardelli M. Evaluation of Bacillus strains isolated from solanaceous phylloplane for biocontrol of Alternaria early blight of tomato. Biological control. 2015;84:11-8.
Kalpashree MM, Raveesha KA. Efficacy of aqueous plant extracts against Alternaria solani, the causative agent of early blight of tomato. International J. Herb. Med. 2016; 4(6):184-8.
Mvumi C, Ngadze E, Marais D, du Toit ES, Mvumi BM. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extracts inhibit spore germination of Alternaria solani, causal agent of early blight disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). South African Journal of Plant and Soil. 2017;34(3):161-5.
Ramkissoon A, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J. Phytoelicitor activity of three Caribbean seaweed species on suppression of pathogenic infections in tomato plants. Journal of Applied Phycology. 2017; 29(6):3235-44.
Gowsik Raja S, Kannan R, Rajinimala N, Sabarinathan KG. In vitro evaluation of plant extracts against early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019; 8(3):4767-9.
Chanthini, KMP, Senthil-Nathan S, Soranam R, Thanigaivel A, Karthi S, Sreenath Kumar C, Kingsley SJ and Kanagaraj Murali-Baskaran R. Bacterial compounds, as biocontrol agent against early blight (Alternaria solani) and tobacco cut worm (Spodoptera litura Fab.) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2018;51(13-14):729-753.
Bhagat S, Zacharia S. Effect of plant extracts on early blight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018; 7(5):1804-6.
Bais RK, Ratan V, Kumar S, Tiwari A. Comparative analysis of various strategies for management of early blight of tomato incited by Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and Grout.
Awan ZA, Shoaib A. Combating early blight infection by employing Bacillus subtilis in combination with plant fertilizers. Current Plant Biology. 2019; 20:100125.
Bhanage S, Patil NB, Singh S. Effect of selected botanicals against early blight (Alternaria solani) disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Plant Archives. 2019;19(2):2839-42.
Devi NO, Singh NI, Devi RT, Chanu WT. In vitro evaluation of Alternaria solani (Ellis and Mart.) Jones and Grout causing fruit rot of tomato by plant extracts and bio-control agents. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2017;6(11):652-61.
Verma A, Kumar S, Shina HA, Jaiswal S. Evaluate the efficacy of bio-control agents and botanicals against early blight of potato caused by Alternaria solani. Pharma Innov J. 2018;7(3):28-30.
Rex B, Prabhu S, Kumar JS. Antifungal efficacies of plant extracts against Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) jones and groutunder in vitrocondition. Annals of Phytomedicine. 2019;8(1):1-5.
Roy CK, Akter N, Sarkar MK, Pk MU, Begum N, Zenat EA, Jahan MA. Control of Early Blight of Tomato Caused by and Screening of Tomato Varieties against the Pathogen. The Open Microbiology Journal. 2019;13(1).
Tomazoni EZ, Pansera MR, Pauletti GF, Moura S, Ribeiro RT, Schwambach J. In vitro antifungal activity of four chemotypes of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) essential oils against Alternaria solani (Pleosporeaceae) isolates. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 2016;88(2):999-1010.
S, Perveen R, Anees M, Azeem M, Abid M. Estimation of secondary metabolites of indigenous medicinal plant extracts and their in vitro and in vivo efficacy against tomato early blight disease in Pakistan. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 2019;126(6):553-63.
Shoaib A, Awan ZA, Khan KA. Intervention of antagonistic bacteria as a potential inducer of disease resistance in tomato to mitigate early blight. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019;252:20-8.
Sarfraz M, Khan SA, Moosa A, Farzand A, Ishaq U, Naeem I, Khan WA. Promising antifungal potential of selective botanical extracts, fungicides and trichoderma isolates against Alternaria solani. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 2018;51(1):65-74.
Farooq S, Jat RR, Gupta A, Singh R, Majeed M, Nabi SU, Bashir N, Shah OS. Evaluation of different fungicides against Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Sorauer cause of early blight of tomato under laboratory conditions.
Ghazanfar MU, Raza W, Ahmed KS, Qamar J, Haider N, Rasheed MH. Evaluation of different fungicides against Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Sorauer cause of early blight of tomato under laboratory conditions. Evaluation. 2016; 1(5).
Mahantesh SB, Karegowda C, Kavitha SV, Kavita TH, Punith ND. In vitro evaluation of fungicides, bio agents and natural plant extracts against early blight caused by A. solani. IJCS. 2017;5(5):1346-50.
Rani S, Singh R, Gupta S. Development of integrated disease management module for early blight of tomato in Jammu. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2017; 6(2):268-73.
Sharma RK, Patel DR, Chaudhari DR, Kumar V, Patel MM. Effect of Some Fungicides against Early Blight of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Caused by Alternaria solani (Ell. & Mart.) Jones and Grout and Their Impact on Yield. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 2018;7(07): 1395-401.
Egel DS, Hoagland L, Davis J, Marchino C, Bloomquist M. Efficacy of organic disease control products on common foliar diseases of tomato in field and greenhouse trials. Crop Protection. 2019;122:90-7.
Rajeshkumar S. Antifungal impact of nanoparticles against different plant pathogenic fungi. In Nanomaterials in Plants, Algae and Microorganisms. Academic Press. 2019;197-217.
Joseph A, Igbinosa OB, Alori ET, Ademiluyi BO, Aluko AP. Effectiveness of Pseudomonas species in the management of tomato early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2017;11(23):972-6.
Pandey RK. Studies on management of early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani on tomato crops through fungicides, crude plant extracts and bio control agents. Journal of Natural Resource and Development. 2014;9(2):1-2.
Roopa RS, Yadahalli KB, Kavyashree MC. Evaluation of natural plant extracts, antagonists and fungicides against early blight caused by A. solani in vitro. The Bioscan. 2014;9(3):1309-12.
Saxena A, Sarma BK, Singh HB. Effect of azoxystrobin based fungicides in management of chilli and tomato diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2016;86(2):283-9.
Walke AG, Potdukhe SR, Meena S, Meena AK, Kakralya GL, Choudhary CS. Efficacy of fungicides in vitro and in vivo of early blight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) caused by Alternaria solani. The Journal of Plant Science Research. 2014;30(2):123.
Zghair QN, Lal AA, Mane MM, Sobita S. Effect of bioagents and fungicide against earlyblight disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). International Journal of Plant Protection. 2014;7(2):330-3.
Desta M, Woldia PO, Yesuf M. A true endophyte of the endangered tree, Cynometra travancorica in the efficacy and economics of fungicides and their application schedule for early blight (Alternaria solani) management and yield of tomato at south Tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology; 2015.
Sadana D, Didwania N. Bioefficacy of fungicides and plant extracts against Alternaria solani causing early blight of tomato. InInternational Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences 2015;2:38-42.
Abu-El Samen F, Goussous SJ, Al-Shudifat A, Makhadmeh I. Reduced sensitivity of tomato early blight pathogen (Alternaria solani) isolates to protectant fungicides, and implication on disease control. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2016; 49(5-6):120-36.
Abdalla SA, Algam SA, Ibrahim EA, Naim AM. In vitro screening of Bacillus isolates for biological control of early blight disease of tomato in shambat soil. World J. Agric. Res. 2014;2(2):47-50.
Yadav R. Eco-friendly management of early blight of potato caused by Alternaria solani. Res. Environ. Life Sci. 2014;7(2): 81-84.
Koley S, Mahapatra SS, Kole PC. In vitro efficacy of bio-control agents and botanicals on the growth inhibition of Alternaria solani causing early leaf blight of tomato. Int. J. Bio-res. Env. Agril. Sci.; 2015.
Lahkar J, Borah SN, Deka S, Ahmed G. Biosurfactant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa JS29 against Alternaria solani: the causal organism of early blight of tomato. BioControl. 2015;60(3):401-11.
Maurya U, Lal EP, Yadav OP, Prakash A, Singh AK. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their activity against early blight of tomato. Indian Journal of Life Sciences. 2015;5(1):57.
Selim ME. Effectiveness of Trichoderma biotic applications in regulating the related defense genes affecting tomato early blight disease. J Plant Pathol Microb. 2015; 6(311):2.
Dhal A, Beura SK, Dash SK, Tripathy L, Swain SK, Sethi D. Eco-friendly and integrated approaches for management of early blight disease in tomato. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2017;6(10):3052-7.
Joseph A, Igbinosa OB, Alori ET, Ademiluyi BO, Aluko AP. Effectiveness of Pseudomonas species in the management of tomato early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2017;11(23):972-6.
Chanthini KM, Senthil-Nathan S, Soranam R, Thanigaivel A, Karthi S, Sreenath Kumar C, Kingsley SJ, Kanagaraj Murali-Baskaran R. Bacterial compounds, as biocontrol agent against early blight (Alternaria solani) and tobacco cut worm (Spodoptera litura Fab.) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2018;51(13-14):729-53.
Youssef SA, Tartoura KA, Greash AG. Serratia proteamaculans mediated alteration of tomato defense system and growth parameters in response to early blight pathogen Alternaria solani infection. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 2018;103:16-22.
Hao L, Zheng X, Wang Y, Li S, Shang C, Xu Y. Inhibition of tomato early blight disease by culture extracts of a Streptomyces puniceus isolate from mangrove soil. Phytopathology. 2019; 109(7):1149-56.
Hernández-Herrera RM, Virgen-Calleros G, Ruiz-López M, Zañudo-Hernández J, Délano-Frier JP, Sánchez-Hernández C. Extracts from green and brown seaweeds protect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani. Journal of Applied Phycology. 2014;26(3):1607-14.
Raza W, Ghazanfar MU, Iftikhar Y, Ahmed KS, Haider N, Rasheed MH. Management of early blight of tomato through the use of plant extracts. Management. 2016;1(5).
Attia MS, Sharaf AE, Zayed AS. Protective action of some bio-pesticides against early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani in tomato plant. JISET International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering and Tech. 2017;4:67-94.
Kumar TR and Barnwal M. Evaluation of new fungicides for management of early blight of tomato. The Bioscan, 2016;11(4): 2751-2756.
Abreu CL, Feres CI, Furtado EL, Ming LC, Marques MO, Acáciod RS, Riffel A, Goulart HF, Santana AE, Bernardes FS, Câmara FL. Efficient control of conidium germination, mycelial growth and early blight in tomato in vitro with essential oils under farm conditions. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2016;11(43):4401-12.
Hong JK, Jo YS, Ryoo DH, Jung JH, Kwon HJ, Lee YH, Chang SW, Park CJ. Alternaria spots in tomato leaves differently delayed by four plant essential oil vapours. Research in Plant Disease. 2018;24(4):293.
Rahmatzai N, Zaitoun AA, Madkour MH, Ahmady A, Hazim Z, Mousa MA. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of botanical oils against Alternaria solani causing early blight of tomato. International Journal of Biosciences. 2017;10(1):91-9.
Dheeba B, Niranjana R, Sampathkumar P, Kannan K, Kannan M. Efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) and tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extracts against early blight of tomato. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2015;85(1):327-36.
Sahu DK, Khare CP, Patel R. Eco friendly management of early blight of tomato using botanical plant extracts. Journal of Industrial Pollution Control. 2014;30(2): 215-8.
Yeole GJ, Teli NP, Kotkar HM, Mendki PS. Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts and their formulations control early blight of tomato. Journal of Biopesticides. 2014; 7(2):110.
Zafar H, Shaukat SS, Sheikh AH. Detection of antifungal activity of various plant extracts against Alternaria solani, the cause of early blight of tomato. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology (Pakistan); 2014.
Nidiry ES, Ganeshan G, Lokesha AN. Antifungal activity of the extractives of Coleus forskohlii roots and Forskolin. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2015; 49(9):624-6.
Pane C, Zaccardelli M. Evaluation of Bacillus strains isolated from solanaceous phylloplane for biocontrol of Alternaria early blight of tomato. Biological control. 2015;84:11-8.
Kalpashree MM, Raveesha KA. Efficacy of aqueous plant extracts against Alternaria solani, the causative agent of early blight of tomato. International J. Herb. Med. 2016; 4(6):184-8.
Mvumi C, Ngadze E, Marais D, du Toit ES, Mvumi BM. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extracts inhibit spore germination of Alternaria solani, causal agent of early blight disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). South African Journal of Plant and Soil. 2017;34(3):161-5.
Ramkissoon A, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J. Phytoelicitor activity of three Caribbean seaweed species on suppression of pathogenic infections in tomato plants. Journal of Applied Phycology. 2017; 29(6):3235-44.
Gowsik Raja S, Kannan R, Rajinimala N, Sabarinathan KG. In vitro evaluation of plant extracts against early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019; 8(3):4767-9.
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