IDENTIFICATION OF FLORAL SCENT AND ESSENTIAL OIL OF Rosa iberica Stev. PETALS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC/MS)
PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,
Page 67-74
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the chemical compositions of fragrance and essential oil obtained from the petals of wild Rosa iberica flowers. The analysis was done by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The volatile organic compounds extracted from the petals showed eleven compounds. The most abundant compounds were: Phenyl ethyl alcohol (38.82%), benzyl alcohol (28.48%) and geraniol (12.57%). Essential oil analysis showed the presence of thirteen components of which anethole (45.56%) and pthalic acid (32.23%) had the highest rate. The fragrance and essential oil revealed from the flowers of R. iberica for the first time are important in using it as a source of natural food additives, medicinal compounds and a fragrant parent in future breeding programs of ornamental plants.
Keywords:
- Anethole
- benzyl alcohol
- essential oil
- floral scent
- phenyl ethyl alcohol
- phthalic acid
- Rosa iberica.
How to Cite
HOSSEINI, H., JOWKAR, A., ZAHEDI, B., KERMANI, M. J., & KARAMI, A. (2020). IDENTIFICATION OF FLORAL SCENT AND ESSENTIAL OIL OF Rosa iberica Stev. PETALS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC/MS). PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 21(37-38), 67-74. Retrieved from https://www.ikppress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5412
References
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Victoria J, MacPhail P, Kevan G. Review of breeding systems of wild roses (Rosa spp.). Flori. Orna. Biotech. 2009;1-13.
Jowkar A, Karami A. Characterization of volatile organic compounds from leaves of Rosa iberica Stev. Acta. Hortic. 2018;141-144.
Khatamsaz M. Flora of Iran (Rosaceae). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands: Tehran. 1992;6:65. (In Persian)
Koobaz P, Jafarkhani Kermani M, Hosseini Z, Jowkar A, Khatamsaz M. Biosystematic study of Rosa (Sect. Pimpinellifoliae) and described R. abrica (Rosaceae) as a new species from Iran. Rostaniha. 2011;12:51-62. (In Persian)
Salehi Surmaghi MH, Amin GH. Screening of Iranian plants for antimicrobial activity. J. School. Pharm. 1993;3:56-62.
Jowkar A, Karami A. Analysis of leaf essential oils of Iranian Rosa iberica. Chemi. Nat. Compounds. 2016;52:737- 739.
Taghavizad RA, Nazarian H. Palinological comparisons of plants during honey bee activity different mounts in Sirachal region, Tehran province. Iran Biology Magazine. 2009;2:204-217.
Azam M, Song M, Fan F, Zhang B, Xu Y, Xu C, Chen K. Comparative analysis of flower volatiles from nine citrus at three blooming stages. Int. J. Mole. Sci. 2013;14: 22346-22367.
Hainan S, Ting Z, Qingqing F, Xiangyu Q, Fei Z, Weimin F, Jiafu J, Fadi CH, Sumei CH. Identification of floral scent in chrysanthemum cultivars and wild relatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Molecules. 2015;20:5346-5359.
Abdolmohammadi M, Jafarkhani Kermani M, Zakizadeh H, Hamidoghli Y. In vitro embryo germination and interploidy hybridization of rose (Rosa sp.). Euphytica. 2014;198:255-264.
Mohamadi M, Shamspur T, Mostafavi A. Effect of storage on essential oil content and composition of Rosa damascena Mill, petals under different conditions. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl. 2011;14:430-441.
Bayrak A, Akgul A. Volatile oil composition of Turkish rose (Rosa damascena). J. Sci. Food Agric. 1994;64: 441-448.
Mookherjee BD, Wilson RA. Benzyl alcohol and β‐Phenethyl alcohol. In: Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons: New York. 2000;1999-2014.
Ashurst PR. food flavorings. Springer: New York; 1999.
De M, De AK, Sen P, Banerjee AB. Antimicrobial properties of star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.). Phytother. Res. 2002;16(1):94-95.
Fujita K, Fujita T, Kubo I. Anethole a potential antimicrobial synergist, converts a fungistatic dodecanol to a fungicidal agent. Phytother. Res. 2007;21(1):47-51.
Kubo I, Fujita K. Naturally occurring anti-Salmonella agents. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2001;12:5750-5754.
Camurça-Vasconcelos AL, Bevilaqua CM, Morais SM, Maciel MV, Costa CT, Macedo IT, Oliveira LM, Braga RR, Silva RA, Vieira LS. Anthelmintic activity of Croton zehntneri and Lippia sidoides essential oils. Vet. Parasitol. 2007;148(3): 288-294.
Oka Y, Nacar S, Putievsky E, Ravid U, Yaniv Z, Spiegel Y. Nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against the root-knot nematode. Phytopathol. 2000;90(7):710-715.
Newberne P, Smith RL, Doull J, Goodman JI, Munro IC, Portoghese PS, Wagner BM, Weil CS, Woods LA, Adams TB, Lucas CD, Ford RA. The FEMA GRAS assessment of trans-anethole used as a flavouring substance, Flavour and Extract Manufacturers' Association. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1999;37(7):789-811.
Mavar-Manga H, Haddad M, Pieters L, Baccelli C, Penge A, Quetin-Leclercq J. Anti-inflammatory compunds from leaves and root bark of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mull, Arg. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008;1:25-29.
Al-Bari MAA, Sayeed MA, Rahman MS, Mossadik MA. Characterization and antimicrobial activities of a phthalic acid derivative produced by Streptomyces bangladeshiensis – A novel species collected in Bangladesh. Res. J. Med. and Medical Sci. 2006;1:77-81.
Rameshthangam P, Ramasamy P. Antiviral activity of bis (2-methylheptyl) phthalate isolated from Pongamia pinnata leaves against white spot syndrome virus of Penaeus monodon Fabricius. Virus Res. 2007;126:38-44.
Neurath AR. Microbicide for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases using a pharmaceutical excipient. AIDS Patient Care ST. 2000;1(4):215-219.
Chamorro ER, Zambon SN, Morales WG, Sequeira AF, Velasco GA. Study of the chemical composition of essential oils by gas chromatography. In: Gas Chromatography in Plant Science, Wine Technology, Toxicology and Some Specific Applications; B. Salih, O. Celikbcak, Eds, IntechOpen: Rijeka. 2012;307-324.
Morsy NFS. Chemical structure, quality indices and bioactivity of essential oil constituents. In: Active Ingredients from Aromatic and Medicinal Plan, El-Shemy, H.A. Ed.; IntechOpen: Rijeka. 2017;11: 175-206.
Hosni K, Kerkenni A, Medfei W, Ben Brahim N, Sebei H. Volatile oil constituents of Rosa canina L.: Quality as affected by the distillation method. Org. Chem. Int. 2010;1-7.
Kumar Pal P. Evaluation, genetic diversity, recent development of distillation method, challenges and opportunities of Rosa damascena, A review. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl. 2013;16:1-10.
Sabri E, Hasan B. Variation in scent compounds of oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) produced by headspace solid phase micro extraction, hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. Rec. Nat. Prod. 2016;10:555-565.
Tambe E, Gotmare SR. Study of variation and identification of chemical composition in Rosa species oil collected from different countries. J. Appl. Chem. 2016;11- 18.
Feng L, Chen C, Sheng L, Liu P, Tao J, Su J, Zhao L. Comparative analysis of headspace volatiles of Chinese Rosa rugosa. Molecules. 2010;15:8390-8399.
Karami A, Jandoust S. Comparison scent compound emitted from flowers of damask rose and Persian musk rose, Med. Aromat. Plants. 2016;4-5.
Koksal N, Aslancan H, Sadighazadi S, Kafkas E. Chemical investigation on Rosa damascena Mill. volatiles; effects of storage and drying conditions. Acta Sci. Pol-Hortoru. 2015;14:105-114.
Antonelli A, Fabbri C, Giorgioni ME, Bazzocchi R. Characterization of 24 old garden roses from their volatile compositions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997;45(11):4435-4439.
Corcoran G, Ray S. Benzyl alcohol. In: Encyclopedia of Toxicology; Phil Wexler, Ed.; Publisher: Elsevier/ Academic Press: Oxford. 2014;262-264.
Younis A, Riaz A, Khan MA, Khan A, Pervez MA. Extraction and identification of chemical constituents of the essential oil of Rosa species. Acta Hortic. 2008;766:485-492.
Bergougnoux V, Caissard JC, Jullien F, Magnard JL, Scalliet G, Mark Cock J. Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of the rose petal emit volatile scent compounds. Planta. 2007;226:853-866.
Shimoni E, Baasov T, Ravid U, Shoham Y. The trans-anethole degradation pathway in an Arthrobacter sp. J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277(14):11866-11872.
Manouchehri R, Saharkhiz MJ, Karami A, Niakousari M. Extraction of essential oils from damask rose using green and conventional techniques: Microwave and ohmic assisted hydrodistillation versus hydrodistillation. Sust. Chem. Pharm. 2018;8:76-81.
Aslam Khan M, Rehman SH. Extraction and analysis of essential oil of Rosa species. Int. J. Agric. Bio. 2005;6:973-974.
Abad MJ, Bedoya LM, Bermejo P. Essential oils from the Asteraceae family active against multidrug-resistant bacteria. In: Fighting Multidrug Resistance with Herbal Extracts, Essential Oils and Their Components; Rai, M.K.; Kon, K.V. Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego. 2013;14:205-210.
Hirulkar NB, Agrawal M. Antimicrobial activity of rose petals extract against some pathogenic bacteria. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Arch. 2010;1:478-484.
Voon HC, Bhat R, Rusul G. Flower extracts and their essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents for food uses and pharmaceutical applications. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. F. 2012;11:34-52.
Victoria J, MacPhail P, Kevan G. Review of breeding systems of wild roses (Rosa spp.). Flori. Orna. Biotech. 2009;1-13.
Jowkar A, Karami A. Characterization of volatile organic compounds from leaves of Rosa iberica Stev. Acta. Hortic. 2018;141-144.
Khatamsaz M. Flora of Iran (Rosaceae). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands: Tehran. 1992;6:65. (In Persian)
Koobaz P, Jafarkhani Kermani M, Hosseini Z, Jowkar A, Khatamsaz M. Biosystematic study of Rosa (Sect. Pimpinellifoliae) and described R. abrica (Rosaceae) as a new species from Iran. Rostaniha. 2011;12:51-62. (In Persian)
Salehi Surmaghi MH, Amin GH. Screening of Iranian plants for antimicrobial activity. J. School. Pharm. 1993;3:56-62.
Jowkar A, Karami A. Analysis of leaf essential oils of Iranian Rosa iberica. Chemi. Nat. Compounds. 2016;52:737- 739.
Taghavizad RA, Nazarian H. Palinological comparisons of plants during honey bee activity different mounts in Sirachal region, Tehran province. Iran Biology Magazine. 2009;2:204-217.
Azam M, Song M, Fan F, Zhang B, Xu Y, Xu C, Chen K. Comparative analysis of flower volatiles from nine citrus at three blooming stages. Int. J. Mole. Sci. 2013;14: 22346-22367.
Hainan S, Ting Z, Qingqing F, Xiangyu Q, Fei Z, Weimin F, Jiafu J, Fadi CH, Sumei CH. Identification of floral scent in chrysanthemum cultivars and wild relatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Molecules. 2015;20:5346-5359.
Abdolmohammadi M, Jafarkhani Kermani M, Zakizadeh H, Hamidoghli Y. In vitro embryo germination and interploidy hybridization of rose (Rosa sp.). Euphytica. 2014;198:255-264.
Mohamadi M, Shamspur T, Mostafavi A. Effect of storage on essential oil content and composition of Rosa damascena Mill, petals under different conditions. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl. 2011;14:430-441.
Bayrak A, Akgul A. Volatile oil composition of Turkish rose (Rosa damascena). J. Sci. Food Agric. 1994;64: 441-448.
Mookherjee BD, Wilson RA. Benzyl alcohol and β‐Phenethyl alcohol. In: Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons: New York. 2000;1999-2014.
Ashurst PR. food flavorings. Springer: New York; 1999.
De M, De AK, Sen P, Banerjee AB. Antimicrobial properties of star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.). Phytother. Res. 2002;16(1):94-95.
Fujita K, Fujita T, Kubo I. Anethole a potential antimicrobial synergist, converts a fungistatic dodecanol to a fungicidal agent. Phytother. Res. 2007;21(1):47-51.
Kubo I, Fujita K. Naturally occurring anti-Salmonella agents. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2001;12:5750-5754.
Camurça-Vasconcelos AL, Bevilaqua CM, Morais SM, Maciel MV, Costa CT, Macedo IT, Oliveira LM, Braga RR, Silva RA, Vieira LS. Anthelmintic activity of Croton zehntneri and Lippia sidoides essential oils. Vet. Parasitol. 2007;148(3): 288-294.
Oka Y, Nacar S, Putievsky E, Ravid U, Yaniv Z, Spiegel Y. Nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against the root-knot nematode. Phytopathol. 2000;90(7):710-715.
Newberne P, Smith RL, Doull J, Goodman JI, Munro IC, Portoghese PS, Wagner BM, Weil CS, Woods LA, Adams TB, Lucas CD, Ford RA. The FEMA GRAS assessment of trans-anethole used as a flavouring substance, Flavour and Extract Manufacturers' Association. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1999;37(7):789-811.
Mavar-Manga H, Haddad M, Pieters L, Baccelli C, Penge A, Quetin-Leclercq J. Anti-inflammatory compunds from leaves and root bark of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mull, Arg. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008;1:25-29.
Al-Bari MAA, Sayeed MA, Rahman MS, Mossadik MA. Characterization and antimicrobial activities of a phthalic acid derivative produced by Streptomyces bangladeshiensis – A novel species collected in Bangladesh. Res. J. Med. and Medical Sci. 2006;1:77-81.
Rameshthangam P, Ramasamy P. Antiviral activity of bis (2-methylheptyl) phthalate isolated from Pongamia pinnata leaves against white spot syndrome virus of Penaeus monodon Fabricius. Virus Res. 2007;126:38-44.
Neurath AR. Microbicide for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases using a pharmaceutical excipient. AIDS Patient Care ST. 2000;1(4):215-219.
Chamorro ER, Zambon SN, Morales WG, Sequeira AF, Velasco GA. Study of the chemical composition of essential oils by gas chromatography. In: Gas Chromatography in Plant Science, Wine Technology, Toxicology and Some Specific Applications; B. Salih, O. Celikbcak, Eds, IntechOpen: Rijeka. 2012;307-324.
Morsy NFS. Chemical structure, quality indices and bioactivity of essential oil constituents. In: Active Ingredients from Aromatic and Medicinal Plan, El-Shemy, H.A. Ed.; IntechOpen: Rijeka. 2017;11: 175-206.
Hosni K, Kerkenni A, Medfei W, Ben Brahim N, Sebei H. Volatile oil constituents of Rosa canina L.: Quality as affected by the distillation method. Org. Chem. Int. 2010;1-7.
Kumar Pal P. Evaluation, genetic diversity, recent development of distillation method, challenges and opportunities of Rosa damascena, A review. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl. 2013;16:1-10.
Sabri E, Hasan B. Variation in scent compounds of oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) produced by headspace solid phase micro extraction, hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. Rec. Nat. Prod. 2016;10:555-565.
Tambe E, Gotmare SR. Study of variation and identification of chemical composition in Rosa species oil collected from different countries. J. Appl. Chem. 2016;11- 18.
Feng L, Chen C, Sheng L, Liu P, Tao J, Su J, Zhao L. Comparative analysis of headspace volatiles of Chinese Rosa rugosa. Molecules. 2010;15:8390-8399.
Karami A, Jandoust S. Comparison scent compound emitted from flowers of damask rose and Persian musk rose, Med. Aromat. Plants. 2016;4-5.
Koksal N, Aslancan H, Sadighazadi S, Kafkas E. Chemical investigation on Rosa damascena Mill. volatiles; effects of storage and drying conditions. Acta Sci. Pol-Hortoru. 2015;14:105-114.
Antonelli A, Fabbri C, Giorgioni ME, Bazzocchi R. Characterization of 24 old garden roses from their volatile compositions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997;45(11):4435-4439.
Corcoran G, Ray S. Benzyl alcohol. In: Encyclopedia of Toxicology; Phil Wexler, Ed.; Publisher: Elsevier/ Academic Press: Oxford. 2014;262-264.
Younis A, Riaz A, Khan MA, Khan A, Pervez MA. Extraction and identification of chemical constituents of the essential oil of Rosa species. Acta Hortic. 2008;766:485-492.
Bergougnoux V, Caissard JC, Jullien F, Magnard JL, Scalliet G, Mark Cock J. Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of the rose petal emit volatile scent compounds. Planta. 2007;226:853-866.
Shimoni E, Baasov T, Ravid U, Shoham Y. The trans-anethole degradation pathway in an Arthrobacter sp. J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277(14):11866-11872.
Manouchehri R, Saharkhiz MJ, Karami A, Niakousari M. Extraction of essential oils from damask rose using green and conventional techniques: Microwave and ohmic assisted hydrodistillation versus hydrodistillation. Sust. Chem. Pharm. 2018;8:76-81.
Aslam Khan M, Rehman SH. Extraction and analysis of essential oil of Rosa species. Int. J. Agric. Bio. 2005;6:973-974.
Abad MJ, Bedoya LM, Bermejo P. Essential oils from the Asteraceae family active against multidrug-resistant bacteria. In: Fighting Multidrug Resistance with Herbal Extracts, Essential Oils and Their Components; Rai, M.K.; Kon, K.V. Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego. 2013;14:205-210.
Hirulkar NB, Agrawal M. Antimicrobial activity of rose petals extract against some pathogenic bacteria. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Arch. 2010;1:478-484.
Voon HC, Bhat R, Rusul G. Flower extracts and their essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents for food uses and pharmaceutical applications. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. F. 2012;11:34-52.
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