PROSPECTS OF POTENT MEDICINAL MUSHROOM, Cordyceps militaris (CORDYCEPS): REALM OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,
Page 142-157
Abstract
The mushroom Cordyceps militaris (CM) is a renowned Chinese traditional remedy found in many Asian countries and some parts of Europe and North America. Cordyceps militaris an entomopathogenic fungus can be cultivated easily and commercially available than other Cordyceps species. It helps in the revitalization of the body system from ancient time and had the potential to treat cancer patients without harming the host. The objective of this article is to review the C. militaris chemical constituents, its production and its pharmacological activities. Extracts from C. militaris, therapeutic agents or bioactive compounds such as cordycepin, ergosterol, exopolysaccharides and their subunits have a significant nutrient powerhouse and potential to exhibit anti-tumour, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiangiogenic activity, hypoglycaemic, antimicrobial, and possible in prognosis. Among all the compounds found in C. militaris, a sophisticated potent cordycepin is much abundantly found in cultured C. militaris. C. militaris has been cultivated under the lab-scale with standard nutrition and climatic conditions. Submerged mycelia produce more cordycepin than the aerial mycelia in the C. militaris culture media and upregulate the gene of biological process and molecular function. Hence, C. militaris is providing a deep understanding of all its components and creating novel therapeutic strategies to cure many diseases.
Keywords:
- Cordyceps militaris
- entomopathogenic
- pharmacological
- cordycepin
How to Cite
CHOEPHEL, T., & SHARMA, V. (2020). PROSPECTS OF POTENT MEDICINAL MUSHROOM, Cordyceps militaris (CORDYCEPS): REALM OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES. PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 21(17-18), 142-157. Retrieved from https://www.ikppress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5220
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Suparmin A, Kato T, Takemoto H, Park EY. Metabolic comparison of aerial and submerged mycelia formed in the liquid surface culture of Cordyceps militaris. Microbiology Open. 2019;e836.
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Yang Q, Yin Y, Yu G, Jin Y, Ye X, Shrestha A, Liua W, Yua W, Sun H. A novel protein with anti-metastasis activity on 4T1 carcinoma from medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2015;80: 385–391.
Yu R, Yang W, Song L, Yan C, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps militaris. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2007;70(4):430–436.
Yoo HS, Shin JW, Cho JH, Son CG, Lee YW, Park SY, Cho CK. Effects of Cordyceps militaris extract on angiogenesis and tumour growth. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004;25:657–65.
Lin YW, Chiang BH. Anti-tumour activity of the fermentation broth of Cordyceps militaris cultured in the medium of Radix astragali. Process Biochemistry. 2008; 43(3):244–250.
Lim L, Lee C, Chang E. Optimization of solid-state culture conditions for the production of adenosine, cordycepin, and d-mannitol in fruiting bodies of medicinal caterpillar fungus Cordyceps militaris (L.: Fr.) Link (Ascomycetes). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2012; 14(2):181–187.
Yu R, Yin Y, Yang W, Ma W, Yang L, Chen X, Zhang Z, Ye B, Song L. Structural elucidation and biological activity of a novel polysaccharide by alkaline extraction from cultured Cordyceps militaris. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2009;75(1):166–171.
Park JP, Kim SW, Hwang HJ, Yun JW. Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production by Cordyceps militaris. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2001;33(1):76–81.
Li SP, Li P, Lai CM, Gong YX, Kan KW, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK, Wang YT. Simultaneous determination of ergosterol, nucleosides and their bases from natural and cultured Cordyceps by pressurised liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A. 2004;1036(2):239–243
Ryu E, Son M, Lee M, Lee K, Cho JY, Cho S, Lee SK, Lee YM, Cho H, Sung G, Kang H. Cordycepin is a novel chemical suppressor of Epstein-Barr virus replication. Oncoscience. 2014;1:866.
Tochikura TS, Nakashima H, Hirose K, Yamamoto N. A biological response modifier, PSK, inhibits human immune-deficiency virus infection in vitro. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1987;148(2):726–733.
Won SY, Park EH. Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005;96(3):555–561.
Kim JR, Yeon SH, Kim HS, Ahn YJ. Larvicidal against Plutella xylostella of cordycepin from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris. Pest Management Science. 2002;58:713-717.
Ohta Y, Lee JB, Hayashi K, Fujita A, Park DK, Hayashi T. In vivo anti-influenza virus activity of an immunomodulatory acidic polysaccharide isolated from Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybeans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2007;55(25):10194–10199.
Park BT, Na KH, Jung EC, Park JW, Kim HH. Antifungal and anticancer activities of a protein from the mushroom Cordyceps militaris. The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2009a;13(1):49.
Nan JX, Park EJ, Yang BK, Song CH, KO G, Sohn DH. Antifibrotic effect of extracellular biopolymer from submerged mycelial cultures of Cordyceps militaris on liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission in rats. Arch, Pharm. Res. 2001;24:327-332.
Chang Y, Jeng KC, Huang KF, Lee YC, Hou CW, Chen KH, Cheng FY, Liao JW, Chen YS. Effect of Cordyceps militaris supplementation on sperm production, sperm motility and hormones in Sprague-Dawley rats. Am. J. Chin. Med. 2008;36: 849–859.
Lee SC, Ni M, Li W, Shertz C, Heitman J. The evolution of sex: A perspective from the fungal kingdom. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 2010a;74(2): 298–340.
Kim HS, Kim JY, Kang JS, Kim HM, Kim YO, Hong IP, Lee MK, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Cordlan polysaccharide isolated from mushroom Cordyceps militaris induces dendritic cell maturation through toll-like receptor 4 signalings. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010;48(7):1926–1933
Kim SW, Xu CP, Hwang HJ, Choi JW, Kim CW, Yun JW. Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides from an entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris. NG3; 2003.
Yu R, Song L, Zhao Y, Bin W, Wang L, Zhang H, Wu Y, Ye W, Yao X. Isolation and biological properties of polysaccharide CPS-1 from cultured Cordyceps militaris. Fitoterapia. 2004a;75(5):465–472.
Yu R, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhou C, Zhao Y. Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from cultured Cordyceps militaris. Fitoterapia. 2004b;75(7-8):662–666.
Rao YK, Fang SH, Wu WS, Tzeng YM. Constituents isolated from Cordyceps militaris suppress enhanced inflammatory mediator’s production and human cancer cell proliferation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2010;131(2):363-367.
Lee JS, Kwon JS, Yun JS, Pahk JW, Shin WC, Lee SY, Hong EK. Structural characterization of immunostimulating polysaccharide from cultured mycelia of Cordyceps militaris. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2010b;80(4):1011–1017.
Xia Y, Luo F, Shang Y, Chen P, Lu Y, Wang C. Fungal cordycepin biosynthesis is coupled with the production of the safeguard molecule pentostatin. Cell Chemical Biology. 2017;24(12):1479–1489.
Yu HM, Wang BS, Huang SC, Duh PD. Comparison of protective effects between cultured Cordyceps militaris and natural Cordyceps sinensis against oxidative damage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2006;54(8):3132–3138.
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